Cummins CCEC NT855-G Diesel Engine For Generator Set

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The Working Principle of the Cummins NTA855 Diesel Engine

The Cummins NTA855 diesel engine operates on a four-stroke cycle. The detailed working principle is as follows:

1) **Intake Stroke**: During this phase, the piston moves from the top dead center (TDC) to the bottom dead center (BDC) under the drive of the crankshaft. At this time, the intake valve opens while the exhaust valve remains closed. As the piston descends, it draws in a fresh charge of air through the open intake valve. Once the piston reaches BDC and the crankshaft completes half a revolution, the intake valve closes, marking the end of the intake stroke.

2) **Compression Stroke**: Following the intake stroke, the piston begins moving upward from BDC to TDC, driven by the continued rotation of the crankshaft. Both the intake and exhaust valves remain closed during this phase, reducing the volume inside the cylinder and compressing the air. This compression increases the air pressure to approximately 3.5 to 4.5 MPa and raises its temperature to between 110°C and 150°C. The compression stroke ends when the piston reaches TDC, completing another half revolution of the crankshaft.

3) **Power Stroke (Combustion)**: At the end of the compression stroke, the compressed air within the cylinder reaches a high-pressure state. Fuel is then injected into the combustion chamber via the fuel injector. Due to the elevated temperature and pressure, the fuel ignites spontaneously, initiating combustion. The rapid expansion of the hot gases pushes the piston downward from TDC to BDC, converting the linear motion of the piston into rotational motion of the crankshaft. This process generates mechanical power output.

4) **Exhaust Stroke**: After the power stroke, the piston moves back upward from BDC to TDC, driven by the inertia of the flywheel and the rotating crankshaft. During this phase, the exhaust valve opens while the intake valve remains closed. The upward movement of the piston forces the exhaust gases out of the cylinder through the open exhaust valve. By the time the piston reaches TDC, the exhaust stroke is complete, and the crankshaft has rotated another 180 degrees.

Upon completion of these four strokes, the crankshaft has rotated a total of 720 degrees, marking the end of one full working cycle of the engine.

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