Qst30 Engine Parts Main Bearing Bush Connecting Rod Bearing Bush 4025322 Diesel Generator Set Spare Parts

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The Evolution of Connecting Rod Materials
Quenched and Tempered Steel Materials
Quenched and tempered steel materials are mostly conventional materials such as 45, 42CrMo, 40Cr, 35CrMo, etc. Its advantages are low price and wide application of materials. The disadvantage is that after forging the connecting rod blank, it needs to undergo heat treatment, which causes environmental pollution, and the production process cost is high. Due to its material characteristics, quenched and tempered steel materials are only suitable for flat cut connecting rods, so their current applications are becoming increasingly limited.
Non quenched and tempered steel materials
Non quenched and tempered steel materials are made by adding trace alloying elements such as vanadium, titanium, niobium, and sulfur to medium carbon steel. By adjusting the cooling rate during rolling and forging, carbon and nitrogen compounds appear in the basic elements, strengthening the material. At present, the connecting rod materials are mostly special materials such as 35MnV, C70S6, 36MnVS4, 46MnVS5, etc. Its advantages are that it reduces the heat treatment after forging the blank, has no environmental pollution, and reduces the cost of the production process; The disadvantage is that the price is relatively high and can only be applied in specific industries.
The 35MnV material is an improvement on the basis of quenched and tempered steel, which has a high impact toughness and is not suitable for use as a fracture material. C70S6 material is the initial research achievement of expansion fracture connecting rods, with good expansion fracture performance, average mechanical properties, tensile strength ≥ 900MPa, yield strength ≥ 550MPa. 36MnVS4 material is a performance improvement based on C70S6 material, with a tensile strength of ≥ 1000MPa and a yield strength of ≥ 750MPa. However, due to its low carbon content, its expansion fracture performance is poor. 46MnVS5 is an improvement on the expansion fracture performance based on 36MnVS4. Similarly, its tensile strength is ≥ 1000MPa and yield strength is ≥ 750MPa, making it the latest material for expansion fracture connecting rods.
Powder metallurgy materials
The material composition of automotive engine connecting rods can be basically divided into two types: powder metallurgy (Figure 3) and forged steel. Powder metallurgy materials are widely used in the manufacturing of automotive engines in North American countries. Currently, China mainly uses forged steel materials, and different materials have their own advantages in their properties. However, there is a significant difference in the proportion of production costs between the two materials. For rough manufacturing, forged steel accounts for about 35% and metallurgical powder accounts for about 60%. However, in terms of mechanical processing, forged steel accounts for about 48% and metallurgical powder accounts for about 40%. Based on comprehensive cost calculation, forged steel materials are commonly used in the current industry, and powder metallurgy materials still require further cost research.
Compared to forged steel connecting rods, titanium alloy connecting rods have significantly reduced weight. Therefore, during the piston motion stage of the engine, the reciprocating inertia force of the connecting rod will be greatly reduced. During the speed testing of engines with different properties, enterprises will observe the minimum oil film thickness of the connecting rod on the crankshaft. According to the measurement results, it can be found that under the condition that the oil film thickness is basically the same for titanium alloy connecting rods and steel connecting rods, the engine speed of titanium alloy connecting rods is obviously much higher than that of forged steel connecting rods, so the overall transmission frequency of the engine will also increase. Practical research has shown that titanium alloy connecting rods can also control noise issues during engine operation. However, the main problem facing the current industrial development is that the cost of titanium alloy is too high compared to general metal materials, and its adaptability to the manufacturing of automotive engine parts is also limited. It is commonly used in some high-performance racing cars, which can achieve high standards of power and quality. So titanium alloy connecting rod materials are far behind forged steel connecting rod materials in terms of their own weight reduction ability and cost control.
The development trend of engine connecting rods
At present, the main development trend of automotive engine connecting rod materials is to use lightweight metal matrix composite materials. Metal matrix composite materials have significant advantages in strength, quality, and other aspects compared to other connecting rod materials. At this stage, the focus should be on solving the specific cost problem of the production and manufacturing process of metal matrix composite profiles for connecting rods.
The structural performance of connecting rods mainly relies on low friction machining techniques, such as high hardness of connecting rod small and large head holes, and the use of rolling bearings to replace existing sliding bearings with lining tiles. The connecting rod hole is processed into a waist drum form, with line contact at low loads and surface contact at high loads, reducing friction during operation.
This article describes the evolution of connecting rod production in China from the perspectives of manufacturing technology, materials, and design methods. In recent years, China's economy and technology have developed rapidly, especially the automotive industry. Based on the requirements of environmental protection and ecological governance, energy conservation and emission reduction work in the automotive industry is also a necessary path to promote industrial development. Regarding the production and design of related materials, there are contradictions and opportunities in new materials, new technologies, and costs. Enterprises need to strengthen their control over the overall performance and technical standards of materials. For the normal production of automotive engine connecting rods, it is necessary to use reasonable material selection and production processes, comprehensively control the relevant indicators of metal materials, and combine modern society's energy-saving and environmental protection concepts to continuously develop new types of engine connecting rod materials and advanced technologies.

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