Diesel Injector Fuel Injector Common Rail Injectors 432292860 3093293

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The diesel engine fuel injection system atomizes fuel and distributes it in the combustion chamber, where it mixes with air.
It mainly consists of fuel injectors and fuel injector bodies, and its installation position and angle on the cylinder head depend on the design of the combustion chamber.
Fuel injectors are divided into two types: open and closed. Open fuel injectors have a simple structure, but poor atomization and are rarely used. Closed fuel injectors are widely used in various diesel engines. The diesel engine draws in pure air during the intake stroke. At the end of the compression stroke, diesel fuel is injected into the cylinder by the fuel injection pump to increase the oil pressure to over 100MPa, and then mixed with compressed high-temperature air in a short period of time to form a combustible mixture. Due to the high compression ratio of diesel engines (usually 16-22), the air pressure in the cylinder can reach 3.5-4.5MPa and the temperature can reach 750-1000K at the end of compression (while in gasoline engines, the mixture pressure will be 0.6-1.2MPa and the temperature can reach 600-700K), greatly exceeding the self ignition temperature of diesel. Therefore, after being injected into the cylinder, diesel immediately ignites and burns on its own after mixing with air for a short period of time. The air pressure inside the cylinder rapidly rises to 6-9MPa, and the temperature also rises to 2000-2500K. Under the push of high-pressure gas, the piston moves downward and drives the crankshaft to rotate to do work, and the exhaust gas is also discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe.
A regular diesel engine is driven by the engine camshaft and uses a high-pressure oil pump to deliver diesel to the fuel chambers of each cylinder. This fuel supply method varies with the engine speed and cannot achieve the optimal fuel supply at various speeds.
The common rail injection fuel supply system consists of a high-pressure oil pump, a common fuel supply pipe, fuel injectors, an electronic control unit (ECU), and some pipeline pressure sensors. Each fuel injector in the system is connected to the common fuel supply pipe through its own high-pressure oil pipe, and the common fuel supply pipe plays a hydraulic pressure storage role on the fuel injector. During operation, the high-pressure oil pump delivers fuel to the common fuel supply pipe under high pressure. The high-pressure oil pump, pressure sensor, and ECU form a closed loop to achieve precise control of the oil pressure inside the common fuel supply pipe, completely changing the phenomenon of fuel supply pressure changing with engine speed. Its main characteristics include the following three aspects:
1. The fuel injection timing and fuel metering are completely separated, and the fuel injection pressure and process are timely controlled by the ECU.
2. The fuel injection pressure, starting point, and duration of each cylinder can be adjusted based on the working condition of the engine, in order to pursue the optimal control point for fuel injection.
3. Can achieve high fuel injection pressure and achieve pre injection of diesel.
Compared to gasoline engines, diesel engines have a lower fuel consumption rate (average 30% lower than gasoline engines), and diesel prices are lower, so fuel economy is better; At the same time, the speed of diesel engines is generally lower than that of gasoline engines, and the torque is larger than gasoline engines. However, their mass is large, the noise during operation is loud, the manufacturing and maintenance costs are high, and the emissions are also worse than gasoline engines. But with the development of modern technology, these shortcomings of diesel engines are gradually being overcome.
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The fuel injector should be checked and adjusted once after working for about 700 hours. If the opening pressure is lower than the specified value of 1Mpa or more, or if the needle valve head has severe carbon deposits, the needle valve should be removed and placed in clean diesel fuel. The carbon deposits should be scraped off with a wooden piece, and the injection hole should be unblocked with a fine steel wire. After installation, debugging should be carried out, and it is required that the fuel injection pressure difference between each cylinder of the same machine must be less than 1Mpa.
To ensure timely and complete combustion of diesel injected into the cylinder by the fuel injector, it is necessary to regularly check the fuel supply time of the oil pump. If the fuel supply time is too early, the vehicle may experience difficulties starting and cylinder knocking faults; Delayed fuel supply can lead to black smoke from the exhaust, high engine temperature, and increased fuel consumption.
The fitting accuracy of the needle valve coupling of the fuel injector is extremely high, and the nozzle hole diameter is very small. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly choose the specified brand of clean diesel according to seasonal changes, otherwise the fuel injector cannot work properly.
When cleaning the needle valve components of the fuel injector, they should not collide with other hard objects, nor should they fall to the ground to avoid scratches and scratches. When replacing the needle valve coupling of the fuel injector, the new coupling should be soaked in hot diesel at 80 ℃ for about 10 seconds to allow the rust proof oil to fully dissolve. Then, in clean diesel, the needle valve should be moved back and forth in the valve body to thoroughly clean it. This is to avoid the malfunction of sticking the needle valve due to the dissolution of rust proof oil during the operation of the fuel injector.
effect
1. Increase oil pressure (constant pressure): Increase the fuel injection pressure to 10MPa~20MPa.
2. Control fuel injection time (timed): Inject and stop fuel injection according to the specified time.
3. Control fuel injection quantity (quantitative): According to the working condition of the diesel engine, change the amount of fuel injection to adjust the speed and power of the diesel engine.
requirement
1. Fuel should be supplied in the order of diesel engine operation, and the fuel supply for each cylinder should be uniform.
2. The advance angle of fuel supply for each cylinder should be the same.
3. The duration of fuel supply for each cylinder should be equal.
4. The establishment of oil pressure and the cessation of oil supply must be done quickly to prevent dripping and leakage.

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