A water pump is a mechanical device that transports or pressurizes liquids. It transmits the mechanical energy or other external energy of the prime mover to the liquid to increase the energy of the liquid. It is mainly used to transport liquid, including water, oil, acid-base liquid, emulsion, suspended lotion and liquid metal.
It can also transport liquids, gas mixtures, and liquids containing suspended solids. The technical parameters of water pump performance include flow rate, suction head, head, shaft power, water power, efficiency, etc; According to different working principles, it can be divided into types such as volumetric water pumps and vane pumps. A positive displacement pump utilizes the change in the volume of its chamber to transfer energy; Vane pumps use the interaction between rotating blades and water to transfer energy, including centrifugal pumps, axial pumps, and mixed flow pumps.
1. Positive displacement pump: uses periodic changes in the working chamber volume to transport liquids.
2. Vane pump: uses the interaction between blades and liquid to transport liquid.
Practical application
Widely used in shipbuilding, oil extraction, heavy-duty machinery, and other fields. In 2008, the ship production reached 15000 tons, accounting for 21% of the world market's deadweight tons. By 2015, it will become the world's largest shipbuilding country. In order to ensure the normal navigation or mooring of the ship and meet the living needs of crew and passengers, each ship must be equipped with a certain number of marine pumps that can play a corresponding role. Marine pumps are one of the important auxiliary engines. According to incomplete statistics, the total number of various types and purposes of marine pumps in various types of ship auxiliary machinery equipment accounts for about 20% -30% of the total amount of ship machinery equipment. The price of marine pumps also accounts for a relatively large proportion of the cost of ship equipment. In the total cost, marine pumps account for about 4% -8% of the ship's equipment cost. Generally, the procurement of marine pumps for a medium-sized or larger vessel can reach over 10 million yuan. When it comes to the key pump market, it cannot be ignored that China has already completed the "West East Gas Pipeline" project, which also requires pump products. At the same time, the country also needs to build other natural gas transmission pipelines, which require a large amount of pump products.
Different uses
Water pumps have different uses, different liquid media, different flow rates, and different lift ranges. Therefore, their structural forms and materials are also different. In summary, they can be roughly divided into:
1. Urban water supply 2, sewage system 3, civil and building system 4, agricultural water conservancy system 5, power station system
6. Chemical System 7, Petroleum Industry System 8, Mining Metallurgy System 9, Light Industry System 10, Ship System
1. Under geographical conditions, the water pump should be as close as possible to the water source to reduce the length of the suction pipe. The foundation at the installation site of the water pump should be firm, and a dedicated foundation should be built for fixed pump stations.
2. The inlet pipeline should be sealed reliably and must have dedicated support. It cannot be hung on the water pump. The inlet pipe equipped with a bottom valve should be installed as vertically as possible with the axis of the bottom valve perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the angle between the axis and the horizontal plane should not be less than 45 °. When the water source is a channel, the bottom valve should be at least 0.50 meters above the bottom of the water, and a mesh should be added to prevent debris from entering the pump.
3. The base of the machine and pump should be horizontal and firmly connected to the foundation. When the machine and pump are driven by a belt, the tight edge of the belt is downward, which increases the transmission efficiency. The rotation of the water pump impeller should be consistent with the direction indicated by the arrow; When using coupling transmission, the machine and pump must be coaxial.
4. The installation position of the water pump should meet the requirement of allowing for vacuum suction height, and the foundation must be horizontal and stable to ensure that the rotation direction of the power machinery is consistent with the rotation direction of the water pump.
If there are multiple units in the same computer room, there should be a distance of at least 800mm between units and between units and walls.
6. The water pump suction pipe must be well sealed and minimize bends and gate valves. When adding water, the air should be discharged completely. During operation, there should be no accumulation of air in the pipe. The suction pipe should be slightly inclined upwards and connected to the water pump inlet, and the inlet should have a certain submergence depth.
Matters Needing Attention
1. If there is any minor malfunction in the water pump, remember not to let it work. If the packing of the water pump shaft is worn out, it should be added in a timely manner. If the water pump continues to be used, it will leak air. The direct impact of this is that the energy consumption of the motor increases, which in turn can damage the impeller.
2. If there is strong vibration during the use of the water pump, it is necessary to stop and check the cause, otherwise it will also cause damage to the water pump.
3. When the bottom valve of the water pump leaks, some people will fill it with dry soil into the inlet pipe of the water pump and flush it with water to the bottom valve. This practice is not advisable. Because when dry soil is placed into the inlet pipe and the water pump starts working, this dry soil will enter the pump, which will damage the impeller and bearings of the water pump and shorten its service life. When the bottom valve leaks, it must be taken for repair. If it is very serious, it needs to be replaced with a new one.
4. After using the water pump, it is necessary to pay attention to maintenance. For example, when the water pump is used up, the water in the pump should be drained clean. It is best to remove the water pipe and rinse it with clean water.
5. The tape on the water pump should also be removed, then rinsed with water and dried in a well lit area. Do not place the tape in a dark and damp place. The tape of the water pump must not be contaminated with oil, and do not apply any sticky substances on the tape.
6. Carefully inspect the impeller for cracks and looseness when fixing it to the bearing. If there are cracks or looseness, repair them in a timely manner. If there is soil on the impeller of the water pump, clean it thoroughly.